Cognitive Interventions: Positive Reinforcement
Introduction
Cognitive therapy emphasizes strategies which include logic and reason (Parrott, 2003, p. 302). Cognitive therapists recitation various types of techniques in counseling. According to Parrott, these include behavioral assessment, overconfident reinforcement, token economies, assertiveness training, modeling, relaxation training, systematic desensitization, and flooding. Therapists may charter one or more of the techniques when working with clients. Diverse processes be applied depending upon the client and types of issues presented.
The focus of this paper will retch upon the use and application of positivist reinforcement. Discussion will turn back the history, background, techniques, and therapeutic goals of positive reinforcement as well as the application of positive reinforcement in two imitate cases. These cases will include an elderly stroke patient who is horrendous of therapy and a teenage client who is working on petulance management issues. Both simulations will demonstrate the appliance of positive reinforcement in a step-by-step manner that stresses the require for reason and logic.
History and Background
Historically, positive reinforcement was developed by efforts of cognitive therapists and philosophers. Its roots can be traced back to ancient classical philosophy, Stoicism. Stoicism is essentially a system of ethics which, however, is channelize by logic as theory of method, and rests upon physics as foundation (Stoicism, 2006).
Stoicism is concerned with how we as human perceive the events in our lives. Some of the more recent expansions in cognitive theories was developed by Albert Ellis: Rational-Emotional Theory (RET) and Aaron Beck: Collaborative Empiricism. Albert Ellis believed that man was responsible for his emotions and actions. Under Elliss theory, illogical thoughts or maladaptive behaviors are the harvest-time of the mind needed to learn a new vogue or perspective. Aaron Becks theory of Collaborative Empiricism supports the idea that the expression people feel and behavior is determined by how they...
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